An ancient Egyptian city located at the turn of Upper and Lower Egypt, on the western bank of the Nile. Existed from the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. e. and until the second half of the 1st millennium AD. e. Modern localization - the area near the Bedrashein station and the village of Mit-Rahina, south of Cairo.

Due to its exceptional geographical position, it was an important stronghold of various pharaohs, and was also the first city of Ancient Egypt, which had the character of a large cosmopolitan center, where many foreigners lived: Syrians, Phoenicians, Greeks and Jews. The city is famous for its burial and temple complexes - pyramids, necropolises and temples (in Abusir, Giza, Saqqara, Dahshur). In Memphis there was a significant center of worship of the god Ptah and the cult of the bull Hepa (Apis) associated with him flourished. In 1979, the necropolises of Memphis - Saqqara, Abusir, Dahshur and Giza, were included by UNESCO in the list of World Heritage Sites.