Arch-Cathedral Basilica of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist (XIV century, rebuilt in the XVII, XIX, XX centuries) The oldest church in Warsaw. Its creation dates back to the turn of the thirteenth-fourteenth centuries. From the beginning of its existence, it was a parish church. Since 1406, it has been a collegiate church, elevated to the rank of a cathedral in 1797, an archcathedral in 1818, and a small basilica in 1960.
In the past, important historical events took place there. Here, in 1339, before the Papal Tribunal, a successfully concluded trial with the Teutonic Order took place over the Holmnensk land and Pomerania, which they had captured. The kings of Stanislav were crowned here: Leshchynskyi and Poniatovskyi. The constitution was also sworn in on May 3 in the cathedral. Numerous celebrations of the royal family took place here: weddings, christenings and funerals.
The Warsaw Archcathedral was built when the city was founded. In a short time, it was supplemented with three Gothic naves of the hall of equal height.
In the sixteenth century, a 70-meter tower was added. Located near the defensive walls, it served a dual role as a parish church for the town and a chapel for the Castle. The tower, which collapsed during a hurricane in 1602, was not rebuilt. In its place, in the 30s of the seventeenth century, a screen facade with a high, much-fragmented pediment was erected. The reconstruction of 1836-1841 (according to the project of Idzkovsky) completely changed the front facade, giving it the features of English Gothic. The baroque facade was demolished, the roof lowered and most of the chapels demolished, destroying many historical altars and monuments. At the end of the 20th century, the facade of the cathedral was additionally faced (according to Kudera's project) with white Dutch clinker, which ultimately destroyed the original character of the building.
During the Warsaw Uprising, as a result of fire, bombs and rockets, the decorations accumulated over several centuries of the richest and most beautiful of all Warsaw churches were destroyed. After the fall of the uprising, special SS brigades blew up the walls that were still standing. After the war (as early as 1945), the reconstruction of the cathedral was carried out according to the project of Yan Zakhvatovych. It was completed in 1956. The rebuilt temple was restored to its original, Gothic form from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The real facade, topped by a high pediment with broken brickwork, belongs to the Vistula variety of style called Masovian Gothic.
The interior of the cathedral was restored to its original, Gothic state. It is three-nave with a star vault.
Historical relics that survived the war during the war are: the chapel of Jesus with the crucifixion of Barichka of the fifteenth century; Renaissance tombstone - at the expense of Princess Anna of Mazovia - the last Mazovia princes (placed in the right nave); a monument to Marshal of the Four-Year Diet Stanislav Malakhovskyi; fragments of tombstones, epitaphs, decorative bars and balustrades. Numerous tombs and sarcophagi of famous personalities, statesmen, church dignitaries, noble citizens of the city and the country have been preserved in the underground crypts accessible to visitors.
In the past, important historical events took place there. Here, in 1339, before the Papal Tribunal, a successfully concluded trial with the Teutonic Order took place over the Holmnensk land and Pomerania, which they had captured. The kings of Stanislav were crowned here: Leshchynskyi and Poniatovskyi. The constitution was also sworn in on May 3 in the cathedral. Numerous celebrations of the royal family took place here: weddings, christenings and funerals.
The Warsaw Archcathedral was built when the city was founded. In a short time, it was supplemented with three Gothic naves of the hall of equal height.
In the sixteenth century, a 70-meter tower was added. Located near the defensive walls, it served a dual role as a parish church for the town and a chapel for the Castle. The tower, which collapsed during a hurricane in 1602, was not rebuilt. In its place, in the 30s of the seventeenth century, a screen facade with a high, much-fragmented pediment was erected. The reconstruction of 1836-1841 (according to the project of Idzkovsky) completely changed the front facade, giving it the features of English Gothic. The baroque facade was demolished, the roof lowered and most of the chapels demolished, destroying many historical altars and monuments. At the end of the 20th century, the facade of the cathedral was additionally faced (according to Kudera's project) with white Dutch clinker, which ultimately destroyed the original character of the building.
During the Warsaw Uprising, as a result of fire, bombs and rockets, the decorations accumulated over several centuries of the richest and most beautiful of all Warsaw churches were destroyed. After the fall of the uprising, special SS brigades blew up the walls that were still standing. After the war (as early as 1945), the reconstruction of the cathedral was carried out according to the project of Yan Zakhvatovych. It was completed in 1956. The rebuilt temple was restored to its original, Gothic form from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The real facade, topped by a high pediment with broken brickwork, belongs to the Vistula variety of style called Masovian Gothic.
The interior of the cathedral was restored to its original, Gothic state. It is three-nave with a star vault.
Historical relics that survived the war during the war are: the chapel of Jesus with the crucifixion of Barichka of the fifteenth century; Renaissance tombstone - at the expense of Princess Anna of Mazovia - the last Mazovia princes (placed in the right nave); a monument to Marshal of the Four-Year Diet Stanislav Malakhovskyi; fragments of tombstones, epitaphs, decorative bars and balustrades. Numerous tombs and sarcophagi of famous personalities, statesmen, church dignitaries, noble citizens of the city and the country have been preserved in the underground crypts accessible to visitors.
Translated automatically from Ukrainian. View original
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