The Ascension Cathedral in Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky is an Orthodox church built in 1700 on the initiative and at the expense of Hetman Ivan Mazepa as the main building of the Ascension Monastery (XVI century). A typical example of Ukrainian baroque. An architectural monument of national importance.

The first stone for the construction of the cathedral was laid in 1695. The end of construction dates back to 1700. According to the Bendery Commission, Hetman Mazepa allocated 300,000 gold coins for the construction of this cathedral. The cathedral was consecrated on June 1, 1700 with the participation of Hetman Mazepa, who presented the Peresopnytsia gospel, on which the Presidents of Ukraine are currently taking the oath.

Hetman Mazepa's mother, Mary Magdalene, presented an epitrachelion embroidered with gold and silver with the inscription “Roku 1700 month of septemry 16 days. The All-Honored Abbess Mary Magdalene celebrated.” In the same universal, the hetman announces the appointment of Zakhary Kornilovich as Bishop of Pereyaslavl, who “was exalted to the temple of the patronal church of the Holy Ascension Church by ours in the city of Pereyaslavl erected and built.”
The construction of this temple marked the beginning of the revival of the ancient Pereyaslav bishopric. Hetman Mazepa's universal order dated January 4, 1701, transferred the village of Matskovka, Trakhtemirovsky perevoz and land to the monastery, on the territory of which the cathedral was located.

In Soviet times, the cathedral housed the museum-diarama "Battle for the Dnieper". In the basement of the Ascension Cathedral there is a mausoleum of eternal glory, where the names of Pereyaslav people who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War are immortalized on the walls. Currently, the issue of eviction of the museum and the transfer of the cathedral to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church is being decided.