The Vatican is a holy place, the heart of Christian culture and religion

06 January 2013 Travel time: with 13 august 2008 on 13 august 2008
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To be in Rome and not visit the Vatican - this cannot be allowed. This place is the very center of Christianity and its culture, a living legend and an open-air museum, a treasury of works of art and architectural monuments.

About the country and its history

The Vatican City State is a dwarf enclave state (the smallest state in the world) within the territory of Rome, associated with Italy. The state got its name from the name of a hill called Monte Vaticano, from the Latin vaticinia - “place of divination”. The status of the Vatican in international law is an auxiliary sovereign territory of the Holy See, the seat of the highest spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church. The sovereignty of the Vatican is not independent (national), but stems from the sovereignty of the Holy See. In other words, its source is not the population of the Vatican, but the papacy.


The navel of the Earth for Catholics around the world, one of the few city-states and the only country where the official language is Latin.

The territory of the country is limited to just a few streets and squares and occupies 44 hectares, of which 26 are covered with buildings, and 18 are roads and gardens. The population consists of 419 citizens and 356 permanent residents. The subjects of the Vatican, in addition to the Pope, are cardinals, representatives of the diplomatic corps of the Holy See during their mission, members of the Swiss Guard during their stay in the Corps, as well as some prelates and a small number of families of personal servants and assistants of the Holy Father.

The Vatican is located on the Vatican Hill in the northwestern part of Rome, a few hundred meters from the Tiber. From all sides, the Vatican is surrounded by the territory of Italy, the total length of the state border is 3.2 kilometers.

The border mostly coincides with a defensive wall built to prevent illegal crossings. In front of St. Peter's Basilica, the border is the edge of an oval-shaped square (marked with white stones in the paving of the square).

There are no airports in the Vatican, but there is one heliport - the Vatican Heliport. It was opened in 1976 and is used to connect the Vatican with the international airports of Rome, Fiumicino and Ciampino. There is a 700 meters long railway line which is connected to the Italian railway network and a train station built in 1932 to the southwest of St. Peter's Basilica. The Vatican has its own post office in St. Peter's Square.

In antiquity, the territory of the Vatican was not inhabited, since in ancient Rome this place was considered holy. In 324, after the advent of Christianity, a basilica of Constantine was erected over the supposed tomb of St. Peter, and since then this place has been inhabited.


In ancient times, Rome was the ruler of the world as the capital of the mighty Roman Empire, and in the Middle Ages it became the heart of Christianity and the papacy. Formed in the middle of the VIII century, the Papal State covered a significant part of the Apennine Peninsula with a total territory of 16.000 square meters. km and a population of more than 3 million people. On May 13.1871, these states became part of the Italian kingdom. The sovereign state of Vatican City in its modern form was officially registered on February 11.1929 on the basis of the Lateran agreements concluded by the government of B. Mussolini.

The Vatican is an absolute theocratic monarchy ruled by the Holy See. The Sovereign of the Holy See, in whose hands absolute legislative, executive and judicial power is concentrated, is the Pope, who is elected by the cardinals for life.

After the death of the Pope and during the conclave until the inauguration of the new Pope, his duties are performed by the Camerlengo. The post of camerlengo appeared in the 11th century, has secular administrative functions, it is always occupied only by a cardinal. The Camerlengo heads the Apostolic Chamber, he is the General Administrator of the Papal Court and the Superintendent of Property and Revenue of the Papal See.

The Vatican is located in the heart of Rome, and a significant part of the sights of the Italian capital is located on its tiny territory. Here you can climb the dome of St. Peter's Basilica and view historical Rome from a bird's eye view, take a walk through the famous Vatican Gardens, as well as see the Pope with your own eyes and even receive his blessing. The city is famous for its strictest dress code, and visitors who are not fully covered can easily not be allowed into its territory at all.

The city-state has its own constitution, anthem, coat of arms, flag and other symbols of state power. The Vatican mints its own coin, has its own postal service and its own radio station. The emblem of the Vatican fully reflects the essence of the city: the first key is from Paradise, and the second from Rome, Tiara is an ancient Persian hat that has turned into a triple crown (a symbol of the Trinity, or power over heaven, earth and the underworld, or over Asia, Africa and Europe).

Vatican Museums - the heart of Christian culture


We pass through the Tiber River, walk along the high fortress wall, approach the Vatican Museums. We took care of the ticket in advance, so we bypass the huge queue at the ticket office. At the entrance we are met by a guard of cheerfully dressed Swiss guards, who have been guarding the peace and security of the Vatican since 1506, and it is impossible not to pay attention to them.

This is the smallest and oldest army in the world.

There are several interpretations of this composition. According to one of them, the sculpture symbolizes the destruction by human activity (inner ball) of our planet (outer ball), according to another small ball - the Earth, and a large one - the entire Universe, and a barbaric attitude towards our planet entails the death of the Universe.

August heat outside, in Rome it is especially very stuffy. The tour begins and, oh good! , air conditioners work in the halls and we gradually come to our senses from the Roman August stuffiness and begin our acquaintance with the masterpieces of Christian culture.

We climb the luxurious spiral marble staircase that leads to various museums.

The Vatican Museums are some of the most remarkable and extensive in the world. On the left is the Museum of Ancient Art, right in front of us is the Pinakothek, and on the right is the Gregorian Museum and the Museum of Christian Art. We get acquainted with the Rotunda Hall, built by Michelangelo in 1780 - 1782.

In the center of the hall is a huge monolithic porphyry bowl (13 m in perimeter) from the Golden House of Emperor Nero. The niches contain 18 statues and busts of Roman and Greek gods and heroes. In the center is a statue of Hercules made of gilded bronze (II century, found near the theater of Pompey) - the only gilded statue that has survived from antiquity.

I really liked the Museums of Ancient Art - the world's largest collection of classical art, collected thanks to the efforts of Popes Clement XIV, Pius VI, Pius VII and Gregory XVI. These, in turn, consist of several such as the Gregorian Egyptian Museum, the Gregorian Etruscan Museum, the Pio Clementino Museum, the Chiaromonti Museum, as well as galleries such as tombstones, candelabra, tapestries, geographical maps, the San Pio V gallery and Chariot Hall.

It is difficult to describe the magnificence of the exhibits collected in them, such as the Nile in the Kyaromonchi Museum.


To understand the halls and not miss anything interesting, at the entrance we get a plan-guide, you can also use the audio guide. To get to the Sistine Chapel, best known for the frescoes of Michelangelo, you need to go through all the halls. It is forbidden to photograph its interior. It is difficult to describe this grandiose masterpiece, you must see it with your own eyes! Here you can spend more than one day, considering its individual fragments.

The Sistine Chapel was built on the site where the “Great Chapel” existed before it, in which the papal court gathered in the Middle Ages, consisting of about two hundred members - cardinals, representatives of various religious orders and noble families. Pope Sixtus IV feared a military threat from the Florentine Signoria Medici, with whom he was in tense relations, and from Mehmed II, whose troops threatened the eastern shores of Italy.

Therefore, he decided to strengthen this building. The project was created by the architect Baccio Pontelli, and the work was carried out under the direction of George de Dolci. Rectangular in plan, the room is decorated with wall paintings made in 1481-1483 by Sandro Botticelli, Pinturicchio and other masters.

The Sistine Chapel is famous primarily for two reasons: firstly, it is the place where the Pope holds his secret meetings; and, secondly, with his magnificent paintings by the great Michelangelo, who painted about a thousand square meters of the ceiling and the far walls of the chapel, between 1508 and 1512, commissioned by Pope Julius II. 500 years ago, on October 31.1512, Pope Julius II served a solemn vespers in honor of the creation of frescoes on the vault of the Sistine Chapel. On October 31.2012, at the same hour, Pope Benedict XVI repeated the solemn ceremony in honor of the 500th anniversary of the chapel.

It took four years to paint the ceiling.

This affected Michelangelo's health: during this time, a huge amount of paint got into his lungs. But, it was definitely worth the effort.

In 1536-1541, Michelangelo painted the altar wall - the Last Judgment fresco, commissioned by Pope Paul III. Conclaves have been held in the Chapel since the end of the 15th century. The first Conclave held in the Chapel was the 1492 Conclave, which elected Alexander VI. The chapel was consecrated on August 15.1483 - the feast of the Ascension of Our Lady.


After the convergence of the pope and Lorenzo Medici (two years after the Pazzi conspiracy), a group of Florentine artists was invited to Rome, where, together with the Umbrian masters in 1481-83. decorated the walls of the Sistine Chapel. These were Botticelli, Perugino, Ghirlandaio and Cosimo Rosselli, with the participation of their assistants: Pinturicchio, Signorelli, Bartolomeo della Gatta, David Ghirlandaio, Piero di Cosimo, Biagio d'Antonio.

These frescoes contained many portrait figures (there are at least a hundred in the surviving 12 frescoes). Initially, there were 16 frescoes, 12 have survived. The walls are surrounded by two cycles - the History of Christ and the History of Moses. One of my favorite paintings is The Temptation of Christ by Sandro Botticelli.

From the windows of the halls there is a magnificent view of the main square of St. Peter or Piazza San Pietro.

St. Peter's Square and Cathedral - the center of world Christianity

The city needed an area that would accommodate the large number of believers flocking to the cathedral to receive a papal blessing or take part in religious festivities. This task was completed by Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, who created in 1656-1667 the square in front of the cathedral - one of the most outstanding works of world urban planning practice. The capacity of the square is about 6.000 people.

In the center, surrounded by two fountains, stands an Egyptian obelisk from Heliopolis, brought to Rome by the emperor Caligula and, according to legend, adorned the circus of Nero, in which the apostle Peter was executed. Around the obelisk in a circle are marks indicating the cardinal points. In the 1930s, Mussolini laid a wide street of Reconciliation from the center of Rome to the square.

The main attraction of the square is the Great Basilica di San Pietro, more often called St. Peter's Cathedral, the Catholic Cathedral, which is the largest building in the Vatican and the ceremonial center of the Roman Catholic Church. Founded in 324, and in 1506, Pope Julius II laid the foundation stone for a new temple, completed only a hundred years later with the participation of such great masters as Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bernini.


Inside, the cathedral impresses with the harmony of proportions, and with its huge size, and the richness of decoration - there are a lot of statues, altars, tombstones, many wonderful works of art. In the central nave there is also the pulpit of St. Peter created by Bernini (1666). It includes the chair of St. Peter, above which the symbol of the Holy Spirit hovers in radiance.

At the end of the central nave, at the last pillar on the right, there is a statue of St. Peter (XIII century). Miraculous properties are attributed to the statue, and numerous pilgrims reverently kiss the bronze leg.

In the domed space above the main altar there is a masterpiece by Bernini - a huge, 29 m high canopy (ciborium) on four twisted columns, on which statues of angels stand. Among the branches of the laurel on the upper parts of the columns, heraldic bees of the Barberini family are visible.

In the first chapel of the right nave there is Michelangelo's masterpiece - the marble "Pieta". It was created by him at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries at the age of 23. After an attacker attempted to break the statue, it was protected with glass.

In the left nave, our attention was drawn to the tombstone of Alexander VII - the last masterpiece of the 80-year-old Bernini (1678). The Pope is depicted kneeling, surrounded by allegories of Mercy (with children), Truth (left foot resting on the globe), Prudence and Justice.

Palaces and gardens of the Vatican - a piece of paradise

The sights of the Vatican, temples, palaces, fortresses, are in harmony with the gardens and parks, which give special majesty to these ancient architectural masterpieces.

The land of the Vatican is holy, so all planted plants grow and bloom here.

The basis of the gardens of the Vatican are cypresses, pines, cedars, boxwood, palm trees, magnolias, olives, ivy and many other wonderful plants that make them green throughout the year. You can visit the gardens only as part of a specially organized tour starting at 10 am.


The Vatican Gardens began their history in the 14th century with Pope Nicolo III, when the pope returned from the Avignon captivity to Rome. In addition to the Mediterranean, a huge number of rare exotic plants and centuries-old trees grow in the Vatican gardens, there are various buildings, including a Chinese pagoda, all kinds of towers, palaces and houses, fountains are arranged everywhere, stunning views open from the observation platforms. Here you can see a lot of sculptures from antique marble statues to modern creations.

There are many sculptures in the gardens, especially the Virgin Mary.

How could one walk without trembling in one's soul through this holy city, which contains the most valuable relics of our Christian world, walk along the paths of its gardens, along which popes and cardinals walked!

Translated automatically from Russian. View original
To add or remove photos in a story, go to album of this story
Дворцы Ватикана
Собор Святого Петра и улица Примирения
Граница на площади Святого Петра
Площадь и Собор Святого Петра
Швейцарские гвардейцы
Спиральная мраморная лестница
Зал Ротонда
Нил в музее Кяромонти
Сикстинская капелла
Потолок с росписью Микеланджело
Фреска «Страшный суд» Микеланджело
Площадь Святого Петра
Статуя Св. Петра в соборе Святого Петра
Мраморная «Пьета»
Дворцы Ватикана
В Ватиканских садах
В Ватиканских садах
Балдахин в соборе Святого Петра
В Ватиканских садах
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