Impressive Matera and modest GravinaInPuglia

14 November 2014 Travel time: with 29 august 2014 on 31 august 2014
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Today I’ll tell you about two wonderful cities in southern Italy: about Matera, which I so wanted to see on my last year’s trip to the “Italian heel”, but it didn’t work out. And also about the little-known and slightly similar to Matera city of Gravina In Puglia (hereinafter referred to as Gravina).

I suggest starting acquaintance with these cities with a photo, and only then you can finish reading the story.

For those who do not follow the stories on Turpravda in general and mine in particular, I will tell you that the visit to Matera and Gravina was part of a big trip Albania-Italy in August this year. It so happened that first we looked at Naples, then Albania. In Albania, they had a great rest at the sea, and only, upon their return, they began to more thoroughly explore southern Italy.

We arrived in Matera in a rented car, we chose the hotel not in Matera itself, but on the outskirts of Residence Palomba (Сontrada La Palomba, 75100 Matera, Italy). The hotel is simple but smart.


Now it has risen in price on booking, but during our trip the hotel had just begun to work and advertise itself, so the cost was low. Nevertheless, I recommend to any traveler, even very economical, in this city to shell out for a hotel in the heart of Matera, in the Sassi. And not in a simple hotel, but in a cave one. Fortunately, there are a lot of such hotels: from simple and modest rooms to huge underground apartments (it’s hard to name them by numbers), which are carved into the rocks, while the rooms are modern and stylish. I can’t describe it in words, just look on the Internet WHAT hotels are there! Perhaps, in visiting Matera, my main flaw was the choice of an ordinary hotel, and not a cave one. The second shortcoming, I think, is the time that I have allocated for exploring the city - 1 day. This is not enough! Few!

The city was built at an altitude of 401 meters above sea level, it takes 45 kilometers to get to the nearest sea coast, and about 55 thousand people currently live there. Naturally, when preparing a trip to Matera, I took into account that the city is large, interesting and unusual. I understood that we would walk a lot, under the scorching sun and all day. Anyway, we did not have enough time to go around all the interesting places in Matera, even taking into account the fact that we did not visit all the museums, and almost completely deleted the newer areas of Matera and the fortress from the route. But we visited the Cistern (I’ll write about its uniqueness later) and wandered around the streets of Matera to our heart’s content: both in the part where the caves are quite crowded, and in the abandoned part, where you can hardly meet a living person.

Let's get to know the city better. The historic center of Matera Sassi (translated as "stones") is located in a rocky canyon.

Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sassi di Matera is considered one of the first settlements in Italy. This place has been inhabited since the Neolithic era and has a very rich history. Despite the many transformations that the Sassi has undergone over the centuries, the city still retains its ancient outlines in its layout. The first cave dwellers traditionally settled in the canyon, and then, around the 7th millennium BC. e. , moved to the top of the hill, it is this zone that is considered the oldest part of Matera. Gradually, the population increased so much that new quarters began to spread down the slopes. The first settlers took advantage of the abandoned caves of prehistoric people, and the later ones began to diligently gouge the soft tuff slopes, while landscaping the area around their new apartments. The city had many vegetable gardens and hanging gardens covered with vaults.


During the Renaissance, these arches were used for burials, and it turned out that living people lived in the dungeon, and the dead were buried above the ground. The peak of rock construction came in the 9th century AD. e. , the creation of the most complex and unique plumbing system belongs to the same period. The city of Sassi is large by today's standards, so it is worth devoting at least the whole day to it. You have to walk a lot, up and down. Comfortable shoes are needed. The routes of movement along it consist of an interweaving of narrow streets connected by arches, stairs, tunnels and a large number of observation platforms with stunning views. Types are all "postcard". Matera is a very photogenic city: no matter how you take a picture, it will turn out beautifully. It should also be noted that in the most abandoned part of the Sassi, which is not even visible at the beginning of the main routes, there is practically no one and nothing except the caves themselves. No tourists, no residents.

Moreover, almost all caves are concreted, closed with doors or boarded up with boards. But still, you can find open ones among them, for me it is more interesting than museums. There are no cafes there, so I recommend eating before starting the journey to the most distant and most abandoned caves. The route for most tourists begins at Piazza Vittorio Veneto (Vittorio Veneto). We also started our route from this square, it is also here that the entrance to the very Cistern, which will be mentioned later. And from here you have a classic view of Matera. Looking ahead, I will say that this is a view of only a third of the old city, most of the Sassi is simply not visible. You can't see the amazing canyon from here either.

This is how you walk around the city and do not understand how people, albeit poor ones, lived in these caves in inhuman conditions? There are practically no roads in our understanding here: narrow vertical streets, not even what kind of wagon can be dragged through in all.

There is practically no land here, stone everywhere. If there is a vegetable garden or a pasture, then it is very far and long to get outside the city. There were no toilets here, they just used ceramic pots, and all the slop was poured into the canyon. There is little light in the houses here: the only source of light is one window next to the front door and that's it. Electricity was introduced to the Sassi districts only in the 1930s, but the poor could only afford one light bulb. They lived as a big family practically in one big room, they all slept together on the same bed. The most surprising thing is that pets lived in the same room along with the owners. Ordinary residents did not have separate sheds and outbuildings. On average, 40 sq. m apartment accounted for 10 people plus cats, dogs, rabbits, chickens, and in the stall directly opposite the main bed, a mule stomped.


Larger livestock, as a rule, were not kept due to the limited area, but mules were indispensable in the economy, they plowed fields and gardens, and transported goods. I read somewhere that many people kept manure in the same room! Like, and as a fertilizer, and warm in winter. The smell was of little concern to the population. To be honest, I don't even believe it.

Also, there was no water in the right amount, but this problem was solved by building a unique water supply system using the so-called "cisterns". Bread was baked once a week in public bakeries from their dough. In order not to confuse the rolls, each housewife put a special family brand on each blank.

In the house, as a rule, there was a wood-burning stove, the bed was heated with the remains of coals. There was no other heating. Well, maybe manure; -)

It's good that this is the south, and in the caves the temperature itself does not drop below +15.

With all these inconveniences, the number of inhabitants of rock dwellings at different times reached 15 thousand people.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the population boom reached its apogee. Additional floors were built on the houses, gardens, pastures and hanging gardens disappeared, stone cisterns were adapted for one-room apartments in which people lived with chickens and sheep. And by the middle of the 20th century, the sanitary situation in the Sassi regions had deteriorated catastrophically. If on average across the country in 1949 there were an average of 112 deaths for every thousand living people, then among the inhabitants of the Sassi caves this figure was more than 4 times higher than the general mortality rate. A big fuss arose after the publication of Carlo Levi's book "Christ Stopped at Eboli", where the writer described a terrible picture of unsanitary conditions and poverty in which the Maters continued to live.


The publication, and then the feature film based on this novel, received a huge public outcry. To make sure of the existence of a cave city, many officials of all stripes and tourists came to Matera. And while all of Italy was discussing this shameful phenomenon for a developed country and thinking how and where to resettle all the inhabitants of the cave slums, the inhabitants of the caves themselves continued to live and work in the same way as their ancestors did back in the 9th century.

Only in the 50s of the 20th century was a decree issued according to which the inhabitants of the Sassi should move to modern, albeit modest, dwellings with all amenities. The Great Migration, begun in 1953, dragged on for a long 20 years, as most of the underground inhabitants did not want to leave their homes. The last inhabitants of Sassi were forcibly evicted in the 70s of the XX century.

We went to one of the 4 * hotels and saw for ourselves that the cave can be chic. It is a pity that we did not stay in such a cave hotel, but in an ordinary one. Also on the Internet, I came across offers to rent apartments in caves. Very tempting prices compared to cave hotels. In modern caves, there is normal water supply, sewerage, electricity, and the Internet. There are no only animals with manure. In principle, the Sassi from the new areas of Matera is very close. And in the new areas there is everything - roads and parking lots and large shops. I just didn’t decide to live in a cave because I was sure that it would be difficult to park the car (many hotels in Sassi indicate that parking and the road are not available). Paid parking: closed and guarded next to Sassi did not find. They did not want to leave the car in public parking lots. Still in vain. The cave hotel in the Sassi is fantastic!

The largest rainfall container was located on the upper part of the slope - so that the water from it quickly flowed into the lower houses. All apartments were equipped with gutters that collected water from rain and snow. These cisterns were connected to the neighbors' tanks with special pipes, and when the tanks of one house were completely filled with water, its excess was poured to the neighbor, and so on.


The moisture coming from heaven went through some processing, but the most significant filtration took place inside the cisterns themselves. The stone vats had the shape of an inverted cone. The idea is that any suspended particles will settle in the narrow part of the sump, and relatively clean water will remain on the surface. The upper intake hole was cut in the floor of the kitchen and covered, so that the hostess could scoop up water at any moment.

In order to clean the tank, a small child was launched into the vessel through the neck. Cleaned 1-2 times a year.

You can visit the largest cistern of Matera every day. Tours every half hour. Language is Italian or English. But we, a group of 6 people who were going to listen in English (against 20 people who understand Italian), were not taken separately by the guide. He told us briefly upstairs about the structure and sent us downstairs ourselves. But they told a lot more in Italian, and the guide went down with the group and talked a lot about something every 20 meters.

I also note that such a system of tanks was and has been preserved not only in Matera. Almost every rock town in this region offers to visit its cistern. The same Gravina, she has her own tank and is also not small.

Outcome. The city is stunningly beautiful and original. It's definitely worth a visit. And not in transit. It is optimal to set aside a whole day.

It is comfortable and without a car, there are buses and railway. station, but with a car you can visit the surrounding towns, which are definitely less impressive, but still worthy of attention. For example: Ostuni, Alberobello, Lecce, PolignanoAMare, Bari, Locorotondo.

I also strongly advise you to pay attention to the abandoned city of Krako. It is the most mysterious and beautiful of all the abandoned cities in Italy. IMHO.

Gravina In Puglia

To be honest, we underestimated this city. Blame it on Mother. To outshine her is simply not realistic. We only had a couple of hours left on the Gravina after almost a day and a half in Matera. In a nutshell, Gravina is a little Matera, which is worse preserved. It is immediately noticeable here that the city is poorer, less touristy, but rather: not touristy at all.


Although the caves here look older, archaeological excavations are clearly visible here and there is a large, several tiers, ancient arched viaduct bridge. Lots of old temples. But it is here that a unique underground excursion is carried out. Unfortunately, we did not manage to get to it, mainly because we learned about the existence of this underground world in Gravina, standing on the main square of the city and looking at advertising signs. On one of them there were simply amazing photographs of the dungeons, including the local cistern. All this is in Italian, but with a phone number and website address. Already in Kyiv, on the net, I found reports of tourists visiting Gravina Sotterranea (http://www. gravinasotterranea. it/italiano/percorsi. htm).

The place is just unique! It is especially a pity that I could not devote more time to this city, as I am a huge fan of underground and abandoned places. Caves, tunnels, crypts, cellars and bunkers are my passion.

I hope to be able to visit this city again, as well as other southern Italian cities. There is something to see there!

But on the other hand, we were lucky to get into one of the few well-preserved cave churches of San Michele delle Grotte. It is usually closed for independent visits. There are several days when holidays are held and the entrance is open to everyone, as well as paid excursions. We saw an advertisement in the city center with some caves and skulls and decided to look for this place. There was a museum in one of the temples in the center of the city, and in the museum they explained to us on the fingers that they would now lead us there, since you were lucky and at the moment there is a group with a guide in this church. We were led by a man and left with a group of Germans from seven old men. Of all this history, no one said anything in a language we understand: no one knew English. Already at home I read what kind of place we visited. Church of St. Michael of the Pechersk at least 10th century built.

But rather, cuttings: the whole church is carved into the rock, consists of one large room, with 14 pillars carved from the rock, which support the roof of one huge stone. There are also small caves and niches in the rocks nearby. This church is one of those where the frescoes are well preserved. Now in this church there is one corner with a huge number of bones and skulls. Presumably, the church was turned into a cemetery.


Bottom line: The city is worth a visit if you like such underground structures and unexplored tourist routes. It is very interesting here, but after visiting Matera there is a risk of being disappointed. It is best to plan your visit to Gravina before your trip to Matera. In case you are indifferent to the dungeons and you are running out of time, feel free to skip this city. After all, Materia has its own: a cistern, and cave churches, and the cave dwellings themselves.

Translated automatically from Russian. View original
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