Palace of Diocletian

Some interesting facts about Split
Rating 10110

27 february 2018Travel time: 26 july 2017
Split (Croatian: Split, Italian: Spalato) is a city with more than 1.700 years of history. The largest city in Dalmatia and the second largest city in the country after the capital - Zagreb. It is located in the central part of the Adriatic coast between the cities of Zadar and Dubrovnik. The population is 17.102 people.
The city is located on the Marjan peninsula between the Kastela Bay and the Split Canal at the foot of the Mosor Mountains (the highest peak is Mosor, 1330 meters). Sister city Odessa.

Diocletian's Palace (Croatian Dioklecijanova pala? a) is a palace in Split (Croatia), built by the Roman emperor Diocletian, who ruled from 284 to 305 AD. e. Diocletian's Palace is considered to be the best-preserved palace from the period of the Roman Empire[1]. Since 1979, the palace, together with the historical center of Split, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Emperor Diocletian is widely known as the emperor who solemnly renounced power and completely surrendered to private life in his estate in Salona, ​ ​ where he lived in seclusion for 8 years. The former emperor refused the attempt of Maximian and Galerius to convince him to return to power, noting, among other things, that if they had seen what the cabbage that he had grown was, they would not have pestered him with their proposals.
Guy Avre? li vale? ry of Diocletia? n (lat. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, name at birth - Diocles (lat. Dioclus); 245, Dalmatia - December 3.313, Salon) - Roman emperor from November 20.284 to May 1.305. Diocletian's coming to power ended like this called the crisis of the third century in Rome. He established a firm government and eliminated the fiction according to which the emperor was only the first of the senators (princeps), after which he declared himself the sovereign ruler. From his reign begins a period in Roman history called the dominate.
Diocletian was born around 245 in the vicinity of Scodra (now Scutari) in the town of Diocletia, and came from the lower social strata (his father was a freedman, and his grandfather was a slave).
Enrolling under Gallienus as a simple soldier for military service. quickly climbed the career ladder,
Staying in Gaul with his legion, he, according to legend, received a prediction from one druid that he would become emperor if he killed a boar (lat. aper). Under Probus, he was already governor of Moesia.
When Emperor Carus went to war with the Persians, Diocletian accompanied him as commander of the domestics (emperor's guard). When Car on the other side of the Tigris suddenly died, and his son, Numerian, who was with him, was treacherously killed by his father-in-law, the prefect of the Praetorians, Arriy Aprom, on the banks of the Bosphorus, in Chalcedon, the soldiers shackled Apra in shackles, and their superiors proclaimed Diocletian emperor.
The first act of the new emperor was the slaying of Apra by his own hand, in the face of the troops. He did not touch any of his enemies, approved them in their positions, and, having defeated Karin, another son of Emperor Kara, in Moesia, he even surprised his contemporaries with his meekness, which was not at all common in Rome among winners in internecine wars. The unity of the empire was restored by the victory over Karin; but since the circumstances were difficult, Diocletian took his old friend Maximian as his assistant, giving him first the title of Caesar, and after the suppression of the peasant uprising of the Bagauds in Gaul (285) - and the title of Augustus (286). While Maximian defended Gaul from the Germans, Diocletian was busy in the east; securing the borders of the empire in Asia and in Europe.
First from Nicomedia, where he was at the end of 285 and at the beginning of 286, Diocletian moved to Syria to arrange business with Persia; when circumstances in the East took a favorable turn for Rome, he turned from Asia to Europe in order to protect the line of the Danube from the attacks of the Sarmatians. He managed to defend the former border along the Danube - (Dacia) and secure the province of Rethia behind Rome. The emperors postponed the triumphal arrival in Rome, but each accepted a new epithet: Diocletian began to add Jovius (Jupiters) to his names, and Maximian - Herculius (Hercules). Having defeated the Saracens (Arabian Bedouins) who devastated the borders of Syria, Diocletian returned to Europe again (at the end of 290).

1. Diocletian's Palace (Croatian Dioklecijanova pala? a) - a palace in Split (Croatia),
Diocletian's Palace is considered to be the best-preserved palace from the period of the Roman Empire[1]. Since 1979, the palace, together with the historical center of Split, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The rectangular palace (200 by 250 meters) covers an area of ​ ​ about 3 hectares. It was surrounded by powerful walls 25 meters high south and 18 meters north, the length of the walls is more than 800 meters with 16 towers (three are now preserved).
Warriors and servants lived in the northern part, while the southern part was intended for the emperor and public buildings. The main streets in the palace are well preserved - Cardo (lat. Cardo, now Diocletianova), oriented from north to south, and Decumanus (lat. Decumanus, now King Kreshimir).
The Roman palace in later centuries was decorated with Gothic and Renaissance architecture. Perhaps this is the best preserved Roman palace. Sewerage and water supply were arranged in it, the remains of a Roman aqueduct 9 km long, at the moment a section has been preserved: its length is 180 meters, and its height is 16.5 meters ...
In 2013-2014, the palace hosted the shooting of the 4th and 5th seasons of the popular HBO television series Game of Thrones (episodes in Meereen).

2. Copper gate (southern entrance to the palace) (Porta Aenea (Mjedena vrata)). Through the gate you enter the basement (the emperor had to raise the first floor higher due to excessive moisture) and see the vaults resting on square columns.
Cryptoportic. Gallery running from west to east. The great hall on the western side of the gallery, opposite the bronze gate, is located under the Tablinum (main reception hall), while on the eastern side of the gallery, located under the Triclinium (dining room), you will find several underground rooms.
Peristyle. (Peristylium) (24.0 X 13.4 m) - one of the few inner palace squares that have survived from Roman times. Quadrangular square in the open air, surrounded by marble columns.
It was used by the Romans for solemn ceremonies, and today the annual theater festival Split Summer takes place on the square. On the eastern side of the peristyle is a black Egyptian sphinx (XV century BC).

3. Split Cathedral, Cathedral of St. Duje. Cathedral of the Archdiocese of Split-Makarska, an architectural monument. The oldest functioning cathedral in the world. The main part of the cathedral is the former imperial mausoleum.
This tall octagonal building, completed with an octagonal tiled roof, stands on a high base - a podium. Its walls are almost deaf, their severity is softened by a colonnade, unusually light in proportion, placed on the edge of the podium and surrounding the Mausoleum in a ring. The columns are small - their height reaches only 6 meters (whereas the height of the entire building is more than 20 meters).
Made of dark marble, they are in perfect harmony with the walls of the mausoleum, made of Brach stone, which has slightly changed its color over time.
Inside the Mausoleum is a large round hall with a domed ceiling. The height of the hall is 21.5 meters, the diameter of the dome is 13.5 meters. The hemisphere of the dome, leaning on a two-tier wall colonnade of the Corinthian order, seems to soar above the hall. Each tier has eight columns.
The dome of the Mausoleum is made of brick, not concrete, which was an innovation in the technique of ancient construction. It was once decorated with mosaics. Flickering in the semi-darkness of the Mausoleum, it added mystery to the burial hall.
With the approval of Christianity, the Mausoleum was turned into the Cathedral of St. Mary (later renamed the Cathedral of St. Douyet).
At the same time, much of its original decoration was destroyed, and the tombstone of Diocletian made of porphyry, which stood in the center of the Mausoleum, was also broken.
Attention is drawn to the main entrance to the cathedral - its wooden carved gates (their height is more than 5 meters, their width is 3.60), giving an idea of ​ ​ ​ ​ the work of the brilliant Dalmatian wood carving master of the early 13th century Andrei Buvina. The clear composition of the door wings includes twenty-eight squares in carved frames among a continuous field of wicker ornament.
In the center of the squares are scenes from the Gospel, made in deep relief, with generalized monumental figures.
Duje, who was bishop of Salona in the 3rd century, although only the bell tower of the cathedral is dedicated to him, and the temple is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The bishop, among other Christians, became a martyr during the persecution of Christians under Diocletian in 303-304.
Split Cathedral consists of three parts built in different eras.
The main part of the temple is the former mausoleum of Emperor Diocletian, octagonal in plan. The choirs of the cathedral were built in the 17th century. The high bell tower next to the cathedral was erected in 1100 and rebuilt in 1908. Despite the difference in eras, all parts of the cathedral are built from the same materials - tufa mined in local rivers and white limestone from the island of Brac.
Behind the cathedral are the Silver Gates.

4. ? Palace of the Papalichs (Papali? eva pala? a), Papali? eva ulica 1. The Gothic palace was built in the 15th century by Juraj the Dalmatian. In the courtyard there is a well, decorated with the coat of arms of the Papalichs. Now there is a museum of the city of Split.
The Palace of the Papalichs, a family of famous humanists of the 15th - early 16th century, was at one time the center of the cultural life of Split. Here poets, artists, artists gathered. Among them were a prominent poet, historian, theologian, philosopher Marko Marulich, the famous poet Franjo Bozhicevic-Natalis and many others.
One of the Papalichs, Dmin, having visited the ruins of Solin together with Marko Marulich, for the first time began to collect antiquities - ancient sculpture, manuscripts, architectural details, which he kept in his palace. So, in essence, the first museum in Split appeared. And it is no coincidence that in 1964 the Museum of the City of Split was located in this building, the numerous exhibits of which tell fascinating stories about the history of the city. A large number of architectural fragments of ancient, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance buildings, documents related to the activities of famous personalities of the city are stored here. The museum has a rich collection of sculptures, weapons, costumes.

5. ? Golden Gate (northern entrance to the palace) (Porta Aurea (Zlatna vrata)). The main gate of the palace, from here the path to Salona began. Once upon a time, above the gate, there were sculptures of the four tetrarchs of the Roman Empire - Diocletian, Maximian, Galerius and Constantius Chlorus.
He referred to the example of the Saxons, who, along with Christianity, also adopted the worship in Latin. As a result, the “Splits” won, the diocese of Nin was annexed to the Split, and Split became the religious center of the country, being elevated to the rank of metropolis. Grgur Ninsky was transferred to the Skradin cathedra.
However, the introduction of the Latin liturgy was very slow, encountering resistance from both the flock and the priests, and the Glagolitic liturgy was practiced in Croatia for many more centuries, and later (in the 13th century) was finally legalized.
The famous Croatian sculptor Ivan Meš trović created in 1929 an expressive statue of Gregory of Nin, which was erected in Split as a sign of the historic victory over the Split party. Initially, the statue was installed in the peristyle of Diocletian's palace, but then moved.
6.? ? Temple of Jupiter The ancient Roman temple was built in 295-305 AD. e.
The entrance to the temple was decorated with two sphinxes, made by special order. Later, with the advent of Christianity in Dalmatia, the temple was converted into a baptistery, and the crypt was named after St. Thomas. Inside the temple there are tombs where the local archbishops John and Laurus were buried, and a font of the XI century, on one of the marble slabs of which the oldest images of the Croatian king Kresimir IV or Zvonimir are engraved. Inside there is also a statue of St. John, created by Ivan Meš trović in 1954. Now only one sphinx remains near the temple.

7. VO? NI TRG used to be a bustling and colorful market where women from the surrounding villages sell fruits and vegetables.
the octagonal tower of a Venetian fortress built in the 15th century to protect the then small town.
Opposite the tower is the splendid 17th century Milesi family palace with a splendid baroque faç ade, one of the finest examples of this style in all of Dalmatia.
a monument to the father of Croatian literature, Marko Marulik from Split, who was one of the most prominent thinkers and intellectuals of the 15th century. The author of the monuments, like several others in the city, is Ivan Meš trović.

eight. ? ? City Hall (Stara gradska vije? nica), Narodni trg (Pjaca). Back in 1239, Split received city rights, took shape politically as a merchant-aristocratic republic and became an archbishop's residence. The rapidly growing city goes beyond the walls of the old palace, and its center also moves. Behind the western wall, at the Iron Gates, a new large city square of St. Lovrenz (or Lovr - after the name of the church that was located here, but has not survived to this day). Later the square became known as Narodnaya.
Now only a few buildings remind of the medieval center of Split.
The most significant of them is the three-storey town hall located in the northern part of the square. It was built in the first half of the 15th century and significantly rebuilt in the 19th century. Only the first floor has been perfectly preserved, decorated with a large portal - a loggia with three high lancet arches resting on columns with carved capitals. On the portal, the image of the coat of arms is preserved - a plate carved in stone, and an inscription about the construction of the building in the 15th century.
Not far from the town hall, on the same square, but closer to the Diocletian's palace, is the palace of the oldest patrician family of Split - Kambi. The building was built in the 15th century in the forms of the Venetian Gothic, later heavily rebuilt. On the second floor of the western faç ade, partly overlooking People's Square and a narrow street beginning here, the central window with a characteristic arch (triforium) has been preserved.

9. Republic Square…
The neo-Renaissance building of the City Council (Prokurative) is built around the square.
Split
? ? Riva. Main embankment. In 2007, it acquired a "modern look", which many do not like. The embankment is paved with snow-white slabs of stone from the island of Brach, the same stone was used in the construction of the White House in Washington. The embankment is fascinating - tall palm trees, ancient buildings, yachts and cruise ships on the Adriatic Sea.
Translated automatically from Russian. View original

Comments (0) leave a comment
PLACES NEARBY
QUESTION-ANSWER
No questions