The National Museum is the largest state museum in Prague, created at the beginning of the 19th century. The Neo-Renaissance building of the National Museum, with a height of more than 70 meters and a facade length of about 100 meters, was built from 1885 to 1890. The building overlooks Wenceslas Square and is its architectural dominant.

The National Museum is divided into several collections. The building on Wenceslas Square houses only the Museum of Natural Science and History and the Library (1.3 million volumes and 8,000 manuscripts). Collections of the Ethnographic Museum, the Museum of Musical Instruments, the Museum. V. Naprstka and the Museum of Physical Culture and Sports are located in other exhibition halls.

On the second floor of the museum there is a historical department (materials from archaeological excavations, coins and medals are of particular value), and on the third floor there is a natural science department.