One of the most outstanding architectural monuments of the medieval architecture of Feodosia is the fortress. In the 70-80s of the XIII century. became the possession of the large Italian trading republic of Genoa. The Genoese called her Kafa. In the second half of the XIV century. the Genoese significantly expanded their possessions, capturing Chembalo (Balaklava), and later Surozh (Sudak). Kafa becomes the main administrative and commercial center of the Genoese possessions in the Crimea. Spices, aromatic substances, silk were brought here from the east, furs, wax were delivered from the Slavic lands, but the main commodity of the Genoese was the "living commodity" - slaves. Numerous documents testify to this. To this day, 36 notarized documents of this period for the sale of slaves have been preserved. The Kafa slave market (kan) was located on the site of the current square.
The systematic raids of the Tatars, popular uprisings forced the Genoese to keep large mercenary military detachments and city guards in the city. In 1307, Kafa was attacked by the Kipchaks and Tatars, which brought significant destruction to the city. Later, this event prompted the Genoese to build powerful defensive structures. The city was surrounded by two lines of fortress walls, up to two and a half meters thick and twelve meters high. 26 watch and defensive towers and a citadel (a fortress within a fortress - in case of military unrest in the city) were built. The remains of formidable defensive structures have survived to this day. And now three walls of the tower of Constantine rise in the city garden. The tower was the site of defense of medieval Kafa. From it came the fortress walls with five gates guarded by soldiers. Next to the tower you can see the remains of a bastion built later by the Turks. On the southern outskirts of Feodosia, on Quarantine Hill, the remains of the citadel, the heart of the colony, have been preserved. It was surrounded by a wall with twelve towers. Here were all the most important institutions of the Genoese and the consular castle. Only the Genoese lived in the citadel itself.