The museum opened only in 2008, so it is not surprising that the latest technological advances are used in the design of the expositions. In addition to exhibits that directly represent Islam, such as old editions of the Koran and models of mosques, the museum has a collection of various ancient cultural objects - clothes, weapons, and ceramics. Of particular interest are mechanized models of various devices - an ancient mill or a skewer for frying meat, which clearly, in motion, show their device.

The museum contains a rare collection of Arabic manuscripts and the largest collection of coins in the Muslim world, including silver dinars and dirhams from the Abassid and Umayyad eras. Particularly impressive are the navigational instruments of the ancient Arab sailors and the unique "inverted" map of the world, compiled a thousand years ago by the Arab geographer Sharif Al-Idrizi. There is also a copy of the veil that covered the building of the Kaaba in Mecca.